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in Belgium: Articles 5 through 14 of the Law of 16 July 2004 on private international law,

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in Bulgaria: Article 4(1)(2) of the International Private Law Code,

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in the Czech Republic: Article 86 of Act No 99/1963 Coll., the Code of Civil Procedure (občanský soudní řád), as amended,

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in Germany: Article 23 of the code of civil procedure (Zivilprozeßordnung),

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in Estonia: Article 86 of the Code of Civil Procedure (tsiviilkohtumenetluse seadustik),

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in Greece: Article 40 of the code of civil procedure (Κώδικας Πολιτικής Δικονομίας),

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in France: Articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code civil),

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in Ireland: the rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded on the document instituting the proceedings having been served on the defendant during his temporary presence in Ireland,

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in Italy: Articles 3 and 4 law 218 of 31 May 1995,

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in Cyprus: section 21(2) of the Courts of Justice Law No 14 of 1960, as amended,

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in Latvia: section 27 and paragraphs 3, 5, 6 and 9 of section 28 of the Civil Procedure Law (Civilprocesa likums),

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in Lithuania: Article 31 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Civilinio proceso kodeksas),

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in Luxembourg: Articles 14 and 15 of the civil code (Code civil),

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in Hungary: Article 57 of Law Decree No 13 of 1979 on International Private Law (a nemzetközi magánjogról szóló 1979. évi 13. törvényerejű rendelet),

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in Malta: Articles 742, 743 and 744 of the Code of Organisation and Civil Procedure – Cap. 12 (Kodiċi ta' Organizzazzjoni u Proċedura Ċivili – Kap. 12) and Article 549 of the Commercial Code – Cap. 13 (Kodiċi tal-kummerċ – Kap. 13),

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in Austria: Article 99 of the Law on court Jurisdiction (Jurisdiktionsnorm),

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in Poland: Articles 1103 and 1110 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Kodeks postępowania cywilnego), in so far as they establish jurisdiction on the basis of the defendant’s residence in Poland, the possession by the defendant of property in Poland or his entitlement to property rights in Poland, the fact that the object of the dispute is located in Poland and the fact that one of the parties is a Polish citizen,

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in Portugal: Article 65 and Article 65A of the code of civil procedure (Código de Processo Civil) and Article 11 of the code of labour procedure (Código de Processo de Trabalho),

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in Romania: Articles 148-157 of Law No 105/1992 on Private International Law Relations,

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in Slovenia: Article 48(2) of the Private International Law and Procedure Act (Zakon o medarodnem zasebnem pravu in postopku) in relation to Article 47(2) of Civil Procedure Act (Zakon o pravdnem postopku) and Article 58 of the Private International Law and Procedure Act (Zakon o medarodnem zasebnem pravu in postopku) in relation to Article 59 of Civil Procedure Act (Zakon o pravdnem postopku),

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in Slovakia: Articles 37 to 37e of Act No 97/1963 on Private International Law and the Rules of Procedure relating thereto,

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in Finland: the second, third and fourth sentences of the first paragraph of Section 1 of Chapter 10 of the Code of Judicial Procedure (oikeudenkäymiskaari/rättegångsbalken),

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in Sweden: the first sentence of the first paragraph of Section 3 of Chapter 10 of the Code of Judicial Procedure (rättegångsbalken),

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in the United Kingdom: the rules which enable jurisdiction to be founded on:

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in Belgium, the ‘ tribunal de première instance ’ or ‘ rechtbank van eerste aanleg ’ or ‘ erstinstanzliches Gericht ’,

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in Bulgaria, the ‘ окръжния съд ’,

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in the Czech Republic, the ‘ okresní soud ’ or ‘ soudní exekutor ’,

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in Germany:

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in Estonia, the ‘ maakohus ’ (county court),

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in Greece, the ‘ Μονομελές Πρωτοδικείο ’,

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in Spain, the ‘ Juzgado de Primera Instancia ’,

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in France:

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in Ireland, the ‘ High Court ’,

—

in Italy, the ‘ corte d’appello ’,

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in Cyprus, the ‘ Επαρχιακό Δικαστήριο ’ or in the case of a maintenance judgment the ‘ Οικογενειακό Δικαστήριο ’,

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in Latvia, the ‘ rajona (pilsētas) tiesa ’,

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in Lithuania, the ‘ Lietuvos apeliacinis teismas ’,

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in Luxembourg, the presiding judge of the ‘ tribunal d’arrondissement ’,

—

in Hungary, the ‘ megyei bíróság székhelyén működő helyi bíróság ’, and in Budapest the ‘ Budai Központi Kerületi Bíróság ’,

—

in Malta, the ‘ Prim Awla tal-Qorti Ċivili ’, or ‘ Qorti tal-Maġistrati ta Għawdex fil-ġurisdizzjoni superjuri tagħha ’, or, in the case of a maintenance judgment, the ‘ Reġistratur tal-Qorti ’, on transmission by the ‘ Ministru responsabbli għall-Ġustizzja ’,

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in the Netherlands, the ‘ voorzieningenrechter van de rechtbank ’,

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in Austria, the ‘ Bezirksgericht ’,

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in Poland, the ‘ sąd okręgowy ’,

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in Portugal, the ‘ Tribunal de Comarca ’,

—

in Romania, the ‘ Tribunal ’,

—

in Slovenia, the ‘ okrožno sodišče ’,

—

in Slovakia, ‘ okresný súd ’,

—

in Finland, the ‘ käräjäoikeus/tingsrätt ’,

—

in Sweden, the ‘ Svea hovrätt ’,

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in the United Kingdom:

—

in Belgium,

—

in Bulgaria, the ‘ Апелативен съд – София ’,

—

in the Czech Republic, the court of appeal through the district court,

—

in Germany, the ‘ Oberlandesgericht ’,

—

in Estonia, the ‘ ringkonnakohus ’,

—

in Greece the ‘ Εφετείο ’,

—

in Spain, the ‘ Juzgado de Primera Instancia ’ which issued the contested decision, with the appeal to be solved by the ‘ Audiencia Provincial ’,

—

in France:

—

in Ireland, the ‘ High Court ’,

—

in Iceland, the ‘ heradsdomur ’,

—

in Italy, the ‘ corte d’appello ’,

—

in Cyprus, the ‘ Επαρχιακό Δικαστήριο ’ or in the case of a maintenance judgment the ‘ Οικογενειακό Δικαστήριο ’,

—

in Latvia, the ‘ Apgabaltiesa ’ via the ‘ rajona (pilsētas) tiesa ’,

—

in Lithuania, the ‘ Lietuvos apeliacinis teismas ’,

—

in Luxembourg, the ‘ Cour supérieure de justice ’ sitting as a court of civil appeal,

—

in Hungary, the local court situated at the seat of the county court (in Budapest, the Central District Court of Buda); the appeal is adjudicated by the county court (in Budapest, the Capital Court),

—

in Malta, the ‘ Qorti ta' l-Appell ’ in accordance with the procedure laid down for appeals in the ‘ Kodiċi ta' Organizzazzjoni u Proċedura Ċivili – Kap.12 ’ or in the case of a maintenance judgment by ‘ ċitazzjoni ’ before the ‘ Prim' Awla tal-Qorti ivili jew il-Qorti tal-Maġistrati ta' Għawdex fil-ġurisdizzjoni superjuri tagħha ’,

—

in the Netherlands,

—

in Austria, the ‘ Landesgericht via the Bezirksgericht ’,

—

in Poland, the ‘ sąd apelacyjny ’ via the ‘ sąd okręgowy ’,

—

in Portugal, the ‘ Tribunal da Relação ’ is the competent court. The appeals are launched, in accordance with the national law in force, by way of a request addressed to the court which issued the contested decision,

—

in Romania, the ‘ Curte de Apel ’,

—

in Slovenia, the ‘ okrožno sodišče ’,

—

in Slovakia, the court of appeal through the district court whose decision is being appealed,

—

in Finland, the ‘ hovioikeus/hovrätt ’,

—

in Sweden, the ‘ Svea hovrätt ’,

—

in the United Kingdom:

—

in Belgium, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, an appeal in cassation,

—

in Bulgaria, ‘ обжалване пред Върховния касационен съд ’,

—

in the Czech Republic, a ‘ dovolání ’ and a ‘ žaloba pro zmatečnost ’,

—

in Germany, a ‘ Rechtsbeschwerde ’,

—

in Estonia, a ‘ kassatsioonikaebus ’,

—

in Ireland, an appeal on a point of law to the Supreme Court,

—

in Iceland, an appeal to the ‘ Hæstiréttur ’,

—

in Cyprus, an appeal to the Supreme Court,

—

in Latvia, an appeal to the ‘ Augstākās tiesas Senāts ’ via the ‘ Apgabaltiesa ’,

—

in Lithuania, an appeal to the ‘ Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas ’,

—

in Hungary, ‘ felülvizsgálati kérelem ’,

—

in Malta, no further appeal lies to any other court; in the case of a maintenance judgment the ‘ Qorti ta' l-Appell ’ in accordance with the procedure laid down for appeal in the ‘ kodiċi ta Organizzazzjoni u Procedura Ċivili – Kap. 12 ’,

—

in Austria, a ‘ Revisionsrekurs ’,

—

in Poland, ‘ skarga kasacyjna ’,

—

in Portugal, an appeal on a point of law,

—

in Romania, a ‘ contestatie in anulare ’ or a ‘ revizuire ’,

—

in Slovenia, an appeal to the ‘ Vrhovno sodišče Republike Slovenije ’,

—

in Slovakia, the ‘ dovolanie ’,

—

in Finland, an appeal to the ‘ korkein oikeus/högsta domstolen ’,

—

in Sweden, an appeal to the ‘ Högsta domstolen ’,

—

in the United Kingdom, a single further appeal on a point of law.